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Article Dans Une Revue Brain imaging and behavior (Brain Imaging Behav) Année : 2020

Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex hyperactivity during inhibitory control in children with ADHD in the antisaccade task

Résumé

Children with ADHD show significant deficits in response inhibition. A leading hypothesis suggests prefrontal hypoactivation as a possible cause, though, there is conflicting evidence. We tested the hypoactivation hypothesis by analyzing the response inhibition process within the oculomotor system. Twenty-two children diagnosed with ADHD and twenty control (CTRL) children performed the antisaccade task while undergoing an fMRI study with concurrent eye tracking. This task included a preparatory stage that cued a prosaccade (toward a stimuli) or an antisaccade (away from a stimuli) without an actual presentation of a peripheral target. This allowed testing inhibitory control without the confounding activation from an actual response. The ADHD group showed longer reaction times and more antisaccade direction errors. While both groups showed activations in saccade network areas, the ADHD showed significant hyperactivation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during the preparatory stage. No other areas in the saccade network had significant activation differences between groups. Further ADHD group analysis OFF and ON stimulant medication did not show drug-related activation differences. However, they showed a significant correlation between the difference in OFF/ON preparatory activation in the precuneus, and a decrease in the number of antisaccade errors. These results do not support the hypoactivity hypothesis as an inhibitory control deficit general explanation, but instead suggest less efficiency during the inhibitory period of the antisaccade task in children. Our findings contrast with previous results in ADHD adults showing decreased preparatory antisaccade activity, suggesting a significant age-dependent maturation effect associated to the inhibitory response in the oculomotor system.
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Dates et versions

hal-03967706 , version 1 (01-02-2023)

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Citer

Juan Fernandez-Ruiz, Rebecca Hakvoort Schwerdtfeger, Nadia Alahyane, Donald Brien, Brian Coe, et al.. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex hyperactivity during inhibitory control in children with ADHD in the antisaccade task. Brain imaging and behavior (Brain Imaging Behav), 2020, 14 (6), pp.2450-2463. ⟨10.1007/s11682-019-00196-3⟩. ⟨hal-03967706⟩
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