The Internet of Things (IoT) represents a new communication trend in the world of IT and telecoms. Energy self‐optimization is needed in an IoT environment to extend the lifespan of the IoT system containing IoT objects with energy constraints. This chapter presents the general concepts relating to energy optimization by defining key terms. Different techniques have been used to ensure energy optimization in different domains of IT, including the IoT, to respond to many problems. The chapter presents some of these techniques used in many publications, such as, the A* algorithm and fuzzy logic. The large number of heterogenous connected objects using different technologies in the IoT makes it difficult, or indeed impossible, for peripherals to be configured by human administrators, hence the need to automate some computing processes. In this context, the Autonomic Computing paradigm makes it possible to confront the growing complexity and significant operational cost of managing IoT infrastructure.